Amid global energy transition, photovoltaics has evolved from an auxiliary energy source into a major clean power source, supporting China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. China owns the world’s most complete PV industrial chain covering polysilicon, wafers, solar cells, modules, inverters, mounting structures and O&M, with massive exports worldwide.

PV features strong scalability and versatile scenarios: utility-scale desert solar bases, agrivoltaics, aquavoltaics, desert restoration PV and BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics). Agrivoltaics enables power generation above and crop cultivation below on the same land. Solar desert projects fix sand and restore ecosystems while producing electricity.

Technological breakthroughs accelerate commercialization of N-type TOPCon and HJT cells, pushing efficiency higher and cutting LCOE. Grid parity has been achieved in many regions. Paired with energy storage, the intermittency challenge of solar power is eased. Wind-solar-storage integrated projects improve grid absorption capacity.

Energy transition means restructuring the whole power system rather than simply replacing fossil fuels. Large-scale PV integration drives digital and smart grid upgrades, alongside virtual power plants and intelligent O&M platforms. The PV sector also boosts advanced manufacturing, new materials and storage industries and creates green jobs.

Looking ahead, PV will integrate with hydrogen, buildings and transport to build diversified zero-carbon energy networks. Energy harvested from sunlight reshapes the global energy landscape and advances comprehensive low-carbon transformation.